1. Functions & limits

2. Derivatives (definition, rules: chain, product, quotient)

3. Partial derivatives

4. Gradients & gradient vectors

5. The Jacobian matrix

6. The Hessian matrix

7. Integrals (definite & indefinite)

8. The chain rule (critical for backpropagation)

9. Multivariable calculus

10. Taylor series & approximation

11. Optimization basics (minima, maxima, saddle points)