1. Data vs Information vs Knowledge

Data is raw facts with no interpretation. Information is organized data that has meaning. Knowledge is what we conclude after interpreting information. NLP systems gradually transform raw text (data) into useful knowledge through multiple processing steps.

Create a text file

quran.txt

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
الحمد لله رب العالمين

Read the raw data

with open("quran.txt", encoding="utf-8") as f:
    data = f.read()

print(data)

Output

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
الحمد لله رب العالمين

Turn data into information

words = data.split()

print(words)
print(len(words))

Output

['بسم', 'الله', 'الرحمن', 'الرحيم', 'الحمد', 'لله', 'رب', 'العالمين']

8

Turn information into knowledge

from collections import Counter

counts = Counter(words)

print(counts.most_common(3))

Output

[('الله', 1), ('بسم', 1), ('الرحمن', 1)]