Data

• Raw, unprocessed facts
• No context or meaning by itself
• Can be numbers, words, symbols, measurements
• Examples:
  • 42
  • Ahmed
  • 85, 90, 78

Information

• Data with context and meaning
• Organized or structured
• Answers basic questions like who, what, when, where
• Examples:
  • “Ahmed scored 42 out of 100.”
  • “The temperatures this week were 85, 90, and 78.”

Knowledge

• Information that is understood and applied
• Comes from experience, reasoning, or insight
• Used for decision-making
• Answers how and why
• Examples:
  • “Ahmed needs to study more to improve his score.”
  • “High temperatures suggest summer is starting.”

Flow

• Data → Information → Knowledge

Intuition

• Data = raw
• Information = meaningful
• Knowledge = useful