NumPy (arrays, broadcasting, vectorized ops)

Pandas (DataFrames, Series, data manipulation)

Matplotlib & Seaborn (visualization)

Scikit-learn (ML pipeline, feature extraction)

NLTK (classic NLP toolkit)

spaCy (industrial NLP)

Gensim (topic modeling, word vectors)

Hugging Face Transformers (modern NLP)

PyTorch (deep learning framework)

TensorFlow / Keras (alternative deep learning)

Jupyter Notebooks